نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تهران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

  در پژوهش‌های صورت‌گرفته درباره‌ی روابط ایران و چین، سرآغاز تماس فرهنگی بین ایران و چین با سفر جانگ چیان به سرزمین‌های غرب امپراتوری هان در سده ­ ی دوم ق.م، هم‌زمان دانسته شده است. پیش از اکتشافات جانگ چیان در مناطق غربی آسیا در اواخر قرن دوم ق.م، فرهنگ ­های ایرانی و هلنی با فتوحات و اقدامات شاهنشاهان هخامنشی و اسکندر به‌طور گسترده‌ای انتشار یافته بودند. این فرهنگ‌ها توسط هخامنشیان، یونانیان و سپس پارتیان، با مرکزیت رودخانه‌ی جیحون، از باختر به هند در جنوب و سپس به چین در شرق گسترش یافته بودند. همه‌ی این تحولات به ایجاد یک پایه‌ی محکم و وسیع برای شکل‌گیری و گسترش جاده‌ی ابریشم و ایجاد زمینه برای مبادلات بیشتر بین شرق و غرب از جهات اقتصادی و فرهنگی کمک کردند. در پژوهش حاضر، نخست تماس فرهنگ‌های چین و ایران را پیش و پس از سفر جانگ چیان به آسیای مرکزی و مرزهای شرقی شاهنشاهی اشکانی، با تکیه بر منابع چینی و یونانی و مدارک باستا‌ن‌شناسی بررسی می‌کنیم و سپس نقش فتوحات هخامنشیان و اسکندر درکنار سفرهای جانگ چیان در بازگشایی جاده‌ی ابریشم را بیان می‌کنیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Opening of the Silk Road: Contact and Interaction Between Iranian and Chinese Cultures During the Explorations of Zhang Qian to the Eastern Borders of Arsacides

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Badamchi 1
  • Hamidreza Pashazanous 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Tehran

2 PhD Candidate of History, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Recent research on the relations between Iran and China believes that the real beginning of the Iranian and Chinese cultural contacts coincides with Zhang Qian’s journey to the western borders of the Han Empire in the second century BC. Before Zhang Qian’s adventures in the West Asia towards the late second century BC the Iranian and Hellenic cultures had been widely introduced due to the measures taken by the Achaemenid kings and Alexander the Great. All this evolution prepared the proper context for the prosperity and the development of the Silk Road and a more profound interaction between the East and West. Relying of a wide variety of sources, the present essay, first intends to focus on the cultural contact between Iranian and Chinese cultures before and after the westward explorations of Zhang Qian. Second, this article aims to show the role of the conquests of Cyrus the great, Alexander and then the formation of Parthian empire in the opening and expanding of the Silk Road. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iran
  • China
  • Zhang Qian
  • Arsacides
  • Silk Road
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