نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تاریخ دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 استاد بخش تاریخ دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

در تاریخ ایران باستان، دولت هخامنشیان تجربۀ حاکمیت و حضور درازمدت در سرزمین ‏های پیرامون دریای سیاه را داشت. هخامنشیان که یکی از نخستین امپراتوری‏ های تاریخ بشر را تشکیل دادند، توانستند مرزهای گستردۀ خود را در شمال و جنوب و شرق و غرب به دریاها و یا رودهای بزرگ برسانند و از طریق مبادلات تجاری و مناسبات سیاسی بخش ‏های وسیعی از آسیا را به یونانی ‏ها بشناسانند. سیاست دریایی هخامنشیان دسترسی به تمام سواحل پیرامون دریای سیاه بود تا هم از تهاجمات اقوام شمالی جلوگیری کنند و هم با حاکمیت بر آسیای صغیر و بهره ‏مندی از منابع اقتصادی آن، به رقابت با یونانیان بپردازند. این سیاست یا با عملیات نظامی، یا با انتقال افراد و خاندان‏های هخامنشی به ایالات آسیای صغیر و یا با فعالیت ‏های بازرگانی و اقتصادی، در سراسر دوران هخامنشیان ادامه یافت. در این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با مطالعۀ کتیبه ‏های هخامنشی و منابع یونانی و همچنین پژوهش ‏های مورخان معاصر، به بررسی چرایی و چگونگی حضور هخامنشیان در حوزۀ دریای سیاه پرداخته شده است. یافته ‏های این پژوهش نشان می‏ دهد که هخامنشیان براساس یک برنامۀ مشخص و سپس به علت تحولات و رویدادهای پی‌درپی، در اندیشۀ آن بودند که دریای سیاه را که دریایی پیرامونی برای آنها بود، به دریاچه‏ای در داخل قلمرو امپراتوری خود تبدیل کنند و تا حدود زیادی نیز در این کار موفق شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Achaemenes and the Black Sea; Causes and results of the expansion of an empire

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Fazlinejad 1
  • Abdolrasool Kheirandish 2

1 Associate Professor, Department of History, Shiraz University , Shiraz,. Iran

2 Professor, Department of History, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

In the history of ancient Iran, the Achaemenes state had experience in governance and a long presence in the lands around the Black Sea. The Achaemenes, who formed one of the first empires in human history, extended their vast borders in the north, south, east, and west to form seas or great rivers and brought large parts of Asia to the Greeks through trade exchanges and political relations. The maritime policy of the Achaemenes was access to all the coasts of the Black Sea, which protected them from invasions by the northern tribes and at the same time challenged the Greeks through their domination of Asia Minor and the enjoyment of its economic sources. This policy continued throughout the Achaemenes era, whether through military campaigns or by sending Achaemenes troops or families to the states of Asia Minor, but also through trade and economic activities. In this descriptive and analytical study has been reviewed the reason and circumstance of presence of Achaemenes in the area of the Black Sea, by study of Achaemenes inscriptions and Hellenic works and also researches of contemporary historians. This study concludes that Achaemenes based on a precise plan and then due to successive developments and events, thought that the Black Sea, which was a side sea for them, transform to lake within the territory of their empire and they succeeded to a large extent in this work.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Achaemenes
  • The Black Sea
  • Minor Asia
  • Greeks
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- Tsetskhladze, Gocha. R. (1998), “Trade on the Black Sea in the Archaic and Classical periods: some observations”, Trade, Traders and the Ancient city, edited by: Helen Parkins and Christopher Smith, London and NewYork: Routledge.
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