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Kelly, A. D. (2011), “Barbarians,” In: The Homer Encyclopedia, 3 vols., Margalit Finkelberg (ed.), Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kim, H. J. (2013), “The Invention of the ‘Barbarian’ in Late Sixth-Century BC Ionia,” In: Ancient Ethnography: New Approaches, Eran Almagor and Joseph Skinner (eds.), London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, Pp. 25–48.
Kyrtatas, D. J. (2011), “Slavery and Economy in the Greek World,” In: The Ancient Mediterranean World, vol. 1 of The Cambridge World History of Slavery, K. R. Bradley and P. A. Cartledge (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Pp. 176–193.
Lejeune, M. (1958), Mémoires de philologie mycénienne. Première série (1955-1957), Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Levine Gera, D. (2003), Ancient Greek Ideas on Speech, Language, and Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lévy, E. (1984), “Naissance du concept de barbare,” In: Ktèma: civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, N°9, Pp. 5–14.
Long, T. (1986), Barbarians in Greek Comedy, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Marincola, J. (2007), “The Persian Wars in Fourth-Century Oratory and Historiography,” In: Cultural Responses to the Persian Wars: Antiquity to the Third Millennium, E. Bridges, E. Hall, and P.J. Rhodes (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press), Pp. 105–127.
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Parke, H. W. and Wormell, D. E. W. (1956), The Delphic Oracle, 2 vols., Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
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Pokorny, J. (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3 Bände, Bern: Francke.
Rosivach, V. (1999), “Enslaving Barbaroi and the Athenian Ideology of Slavery,” Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 48, Pp. 129–157.
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Strabo (2014), The Geography of Strabo, Duane W. Roller (Trans.), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Tuplin, C. (1999), “Greek Racism? Observations on the Character and Limits of Greek Ethnic Prejudice,” In: Ancient Greeks: West and East, Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (ed.), Leiden: Brill, Pp. 47–75.
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Weidner, E. (1913), “βάρβαρος,” In: Glotta 4, Pp. 303–304.
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Xenophon (1914), Cyropaedia, vol. 2, W. Miller (Trans), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.