نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران باستان دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه تاریخ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در اسناد تاریخی و روایات مورخان کلاسیک، درباره حرکت چاپارها، سپاهیان و کاروان‌ها در روزگار اشکانیان گزارش‌هایی دیده می‌شود که در آن ها زمان شروع حرکت یا پایان یا هر دو بیان شده یا این زمان قابل محاسبه است. از طرفی، برخی گزارش‌ها مانند سفرنامه‌ها و اسناد مشابه، مسافت میان نقاط مختلف شاهنشاهی اشکانی را در اختیار خواننده قرار داده‌ است. این دو گونه اطلاعات -یعنی مدت‌زمان سفر و میزان مسافت- داده‌های لازم برای محاسبه سرعت حرکت چاپارها، سپاهیان و کاروان‌ها را در دسترس قرار می‌دهد. گردآوری این اطلاعات پراکنده و محاسبه سرعت سفر، در راستای پاسخ به این پرسش است که میزان سرعت سفر زمینی در روزگار شاهنشاهی اشکانی از سده اول قبل از میلاد تا سده سوم میلادی چقدر بوده است. در این میان، نادقیق بودن برخی داده‌ها و همچنین دشوار یا ناامن بودن بعضی راه‌ها، جای خطایی برای محاسبات جاری گذاشته است تا محاسبات در نهایت به صورت دامنه‌ای ارائه شود. با روش بررسی موردی و تطبیق محاسبات با سرعت‌هایی که پیش از آن ضبط شده، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که دامنه سرعت حرکت چاپارها میان ۸۰ تا ۲۷۷ کیلومتر در شبانه‌روز، دامنه سرعت لشکرکشی‌ها بین ۱۰ تا ۴۰ کیلومتر در شبانه‌روز و بازه سرعت برای کاروان‌های تجاری ۴۰ تا ۶۰ کیلومتر در شبانه‌روز و برای هیئت‌های سیاسی ۱۰ تا ۱۵ کیلومتر در شبانه‌روز بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Overland Travel Speed in the Arsacid Empire Era (From 1st Century BCE to 3rd Century CE)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ordou 1
  • Roozbeh Zarrinkoob 2

1 PhD Candidate in Ancient Iran History, Department of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

There are reports considering armies, riders, and caravans’ movements in historical evidence and classical narratives, including departure and arrival times, or calculable. Also, there are accounts such as itineraries and similar evidence measuring distances between most parts of the Arsacid Empire. These two kinds of information, namely travel time and distance, provide necessary data for calculating riders, armies, and caravans’ travel speed. Gathering this sporadic information and calculating travel speed in the Arsacid empire era is the goal of this research to answer the following question: what was the overland travel speed in the Arsacid empire period, from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE? In the meantime, inaccuracies of the data available and the existence of impassable or unsecured routes forbade us from achieving an exact conclusion about the travel speed, so an approximate range has been calculated. According to these calculations, the range of couriers’ travel speed was between 80 to 277 km/day, the range of campaigns travel speed was between 10 to 40 km/day, and the range of motion for trade caravans was between 40 to 60 km/day and for political delegations was 10 to 15 km/day.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Travel Speed
  • Arsacids
  • Overland travel
  • Couriers
  • Campaigns
  • Caravans
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