History of Islam and Iran

As Iran confronted Western modernity and the resulting discursive conflicts, discussing women, their identity, and their living conditions became a central topic. A wide range of discourses ... Read More

Scientific-Research

The “Dabīr-e Sepāh”/ “Secretary of the Corps” in the Bureaucracy of the Sasanian Empire

Shahram Jalilian

Volume 34, Issue 61 , April 2024, Pages 43-80

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.46524.2909

Abstract

During the Sāsānid era, “Dīvān-e Sepāh” (in Arabic and Persian sources: “Dīvān al-Jūnd”, “Dīvān al-Jeyš”, “Dīvān al-Moqātala” ... Read More

Scientific-Research

Toponymy of the western half of Iran in the historical writings of the 3rd-9th lunar centuries (Jebal, Qohestan and Iraq-e Ajam)

Hassan Hazrati; Mohamadreza Zadehsafari

Volume 34, Issue 61 , April 2024, Pages 81-110

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.44856.2837

Abstract

The toponyms used to name a large area in the western half of Iran, from the fall of the Sassanids to the rise of the Safavids, experienced many changes in the social and political-administrative ... Read More The toponyms used to name a large area in the western half of Iran, from the fall of the Sassanids to the rise of the Safavids, experienced many changes in the social and political-administrative arena, and were reflected in different ways in the writings produced at this point. In Islamic historiography, these toponyms were also used alternately, and historians used them to address the geographical area they were considering. The main question of the upcoming research is how the names Jebal, Qohestan and Iraq-e Ajam appeared in various historians' writings and how they were used. The research approach of this article is based on thick description. The research findings indicate that in the opinion of Islamic historians, Jebal (approximately) was used as a common toponym for a wide area in the western half of Iran in the third century. Gradually and without having a specific definition and limitation, it became popular in all kinds of historical writings and replaced the ancient toponyms of the region such as Mah and Pahle, but in the next century, due to the political developments in the region and the importance of some cities such as Ray and Isfahan, the city became central to the attitude of many Historians prevailed and did not allow Jebal to spread as a common toponym. Also, the name Qohestan, which was the Persian translation of Jebal, became popular in Persian writings at this time and added to the confusion. In the sixth century, the toponym of Iraq-e Ajam, gradually made its way in the writings of historians; But due to the flourishing of general historiography in the 8th and 9th centuries of Hijri, which were provided based on the sources of the third to the sixth century of Hijri, the toponyms of Jebal and Qohestan, while they were almost forgotten in the social and political-administrative arena, also came to life in the writings of Persian historians. They continued, of course, the historians of Egypt and the Levant were largely left out of this mess.

Scientific-Research

Unconventional Livelihood Methods and Economic Challenges of Zanjan Jameh Mosque theologues in the Qajar Era

Hasan Rostami; Masoud Bayat

Volume 34, Issue 61 , April 2024, Pages 111-141

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.46132.2887

Abstract

The stability of traditional relations and the lack of development of the economic structure in the Qajar period were among the causes of the decline and the occurrence of social and ... Read More

Scientific-Research

Historical Analysis of The Endeavors of Ḏahabīya during The Safavid Period

Seyed Ahmad Aghili

Volume 34, Issue 61 , April 2024, Pages 143-164

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.45260.2849

Abstract

This study analyzes the historical evolution of the Barzashabadi branch of the Kobrawieh dynasty in Iran during the Safavid period. This Sufi sect in the Safavid period is known as ... Read More

Scientific-Research

Khwarazmshahids’ religious policy towards Hanafism and its followers

Mohammad Kaviani Yeganeh; Abbas Sarafrazi

Volume 34, Issue 61 , April 2024, Pages 165-189

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.47133.2929

Abstract

The Khwarazmshahids followed the Hanafi school of thought, which was also the predominant belief system among the majority of people living in their territory. What kind of policy did ... Read More The Khwarazmshahids followed the Hanafi school of thought, which was also the predominant belief system among the majority of people living in their territory. What kind of policy did they pursue towards Hanafism? To answer this question, the Khwarazmshahid era was divided into five periods. Their policies in each period were evaluated on five parameters: behavior towards Hanafi people and clergy, relations with Hanafi rulers, appointment of Hanafis in political positions and establishment of religious institutes. The results show that in the period of obedience (1098-1136 A.D.) the Hanafipeople and clergy had security and welfare because of Muhammad and Atsiz to obedience for Sanjar. In the independence period (1136-1173) , the Hanafi people and clergy were attacked and insulted because of Atsiz’s arrogance towards Sanjar and Ilarsalan’s expansionism, although this hostility was political and in reality neutral. In the Empire-Establishing Period (1174-1201) the neutral policy was intensified in favor of the Shafiites following the conquest of Iraq, where the non-Hanafites were in the majority. In the Empire-Peak Period (1201-1221) because Sultan Muhammad's government wasn’t legitimized by the caliph and the non-Mutazilite Hanafites did not recognize his reign as legitimate thus the neutral policy converted at times to antagonism against Hanafites. Following the anarchy of the Post-Mongol Attack Period (1221-1231) the sultan’s sons tried to conquer part of the empire by any means necessary. Thus Qurshah and Pirshah allied themselves with Shafiites against the Hanafites but Jalal-al-Din, as the savior of Islam, implemented an Islamic unity policy and generally avoided supporting Hanafites. Since the Khwarazmshahids were mutazilites, they supported the mutazilite Hanafis in all periods except that of Jalal-al-Din. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a desk study methodology for data collection and analysis.

History of Islam and Iran

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Volume & Issue: Volume 34, Issue 61, April 2024, Pages 11-189 (Spring 2024)

Construction of Modern Woman in Modernist Discourse of the Qajar Era

Abstract

The “Dabīr-e Sepāh”/ “Secretary of the Corps” in the Bureaucracy of the Sasanian Empire

Abstract

Toponymy of the western half of Iran in the historical writings of the 3rd-9th lunar centuries (Jebal, Qohestan and Iraq-e Ajam)

Abstract

Unconventional Livelihood Methods and Economic Challenges of Zanjan Jameh Mosque theologues in the Qajar Era

Abstract

Historical Analysis of The Endeavors of Ḏahabīya during The Safavid Period

Abstract

Khwarazmshahids’ religious policy towards Hanafism and its followers

Abstract