Authors
1 Assistant Professor of History Department, Lorestan University
2 Assistant Professor of History, Razi University of Kermanshah
Abstract
Expansion of Muslims' conquests to the territories out of the Arabian Peninsula after Prophet’s death raised a new issue known as non Arab new-Muslims in Islamic society. Racial and tribal fanaticism, which had been deeply rooted in Arabian society, was weakened by Prophet’s teachings and training but after his death and by establishing tribal caliphate according to “Leaders from Quraish” and dividing common property according to relationship and tribe, it was again revived and aggravated with support of authorities, tendency of Arabs and raise of new aristocracy. Consequently, it led to tribal snobbery in society by leaning on being Arab, humiliating conquered nations by naming them as Adjam (non-Arab or dumb) and freedmen, and neglecting to observe their human-Islamic rights.
Imam Ali’s (peace be upon him) caliphate stopped this approach; adopting social-political treatments according to Practices of the Prophet and above all, endeavoring for social justice and establishing human and Islamic rights based on equality and making efforts to remedy injustice opened another dialogue in the field of Islamic caliphate’s treatment toward freedmen. By adopting an analytical-historical approach, this study seeks to be acquainted with Imam Ali’s (Peace be upon him) essentials of ethologic and his manner in behaving towards Freedmen and to answer this question that how Imam Ali’s method for dialogue with freedmen in comparison with the previous Caliphs was different. Furthermore, what did Imam Ali (Peace be upon him) do to revolutionize the false traditions about freedmen during his short-term caliphate? Lastly, what were his essentials and basic ideas in adopting these kinds of treatments? Carrying out this study will result in historical awareness about human and minority rights.
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