Document Type : Scientific-Research

Author

Associated Professor Department of History, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Iran-Ottoman relations were very vicissitudinous during six centuries. The two states concluded various agreements to end the war and establish peace. Among the treaties, the two treaties of Zohab (1639/1049) and Erzeroum (1847/1263) are very important. Because it was the basis for settling disputes and concluding subsequent agreements. Until the conference of Erzeroum (1259-1263), no doubts were expressed about the “originality and validity” of the Zohab Treaty. Iranian and Ottoman representatives for the first time, in the fifth  session and later in several other sessions of Erzeroum negotiations, while accepting the "authenticity" of the treaty, engaged in a serious debate about the "originality and validity" of the existing copies. In this research, the arguments of the representatives of the parties regarding the originality and validity of the Zohab treaty have been explained using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on unpublished documents. The findings of the research show that Mirza Taghi Khan, insisting on the necessity of presenting the "original" of the treaty by the Ottoman representative, did not accept the "copeies" presented by him and for this reason, it has prevented him from proving her territorial claims in Erzeroum negotiations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Adamiyat, Fereydun (2535), Amirkabir and Iran, Tehran: ḵwarazmī. [in Persian]
Ateş, Sabri (1402), “Treaty of Zohab, 1639: Foundational Myth or Foundational Document"? Translated by Nasrollah Salehi, Iran Verjavand, Vol. 6, No.1-2, p. 5-39. [in Persian]
Documents from the process of concluding the second treaty of Erzurum (1377), by Nasrollah Salehi, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publications. [in Persian]
Enveri Zadeh El-Seyed Mohammad Saadullah Enveri Effendi, İran Sefāretnāmesi (Embassy of Iran), Istanbul, Sulaymaniyah Library, Manuscript, No. 1449. [in Ottoman Turkish]
Enveri Zadeh El-Seyed Mohammad Saadullah Enveri Effendi (1402), Sefāratnām-e Iran (Embassy of Iran), Introduced, Annotated & Translated From Original Ottoman Turkish by Nasrollah Salehi and Safiye Khadiv, Tehran: Bonyād-e Moghofāt-e Afshar Press. [in Persian]
Esfahani, Mohammad Masoum b. Khawajgi (1368), Kholasatol-siar (History of Shah Safi), Edited by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: ‘Elmī va Farhangī Publications. [in Persian]
Fereydun Bey (1274 AH), Monša’āt ul-Salāṭṭīn or Fereydun` Bey's collection of correspondence, Istanbul: Dār ul-ṭībā‘at al-Āmīra. [in Persian]
Gozīdeh-e Asnād-e Sīyāsī-ye Iran va Osmani (Selection of Iranian and Ottoman Political Documents (1369), Vol. 1, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [in Persian]
Godarzi, Behrouz (1400), Iran’s Western Borders during the Safavid Period, Tehran: Negārestān-e Andīšeh Press. [in Persian]
Iqbal, Abbas (1385), Mīrzā Taqī ḵān-e Amīrkabīr, by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: Tūs. [in Persian]
Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, Ketābč-e Savād-e Mokātebāt, No. 2. [in Persian]
Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, Ketābč-e Savād-e Mokātebāt, No. 6. [in Persian]
Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, Ketābč-e Savād-e Mokātebāt, No. 18. [in Persian]
Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, supplementary documents, Vol. 55, No 19. [in Persian]
Mošīr ul-Dowlah Tabrīzī, Mīrzā ǰa‘far ḵān, Rīsāleh-e Taḥqīqāt-e Sarḥaddīyah, Maǰlīs Library, Manuscript, No. 2775. [in Persian]
Natiq, Homa (1368), Iran dar Rahyābī-ye Farhangī, 1834-1848, Paris: ḵāvarān. [in Persian]
Pirniya, Hossein (Mo’tamīn ul-Molk) (1326 AH), Maǰmū‘eh Mo‘āhedāt-e Dowlat-e ‘Elīyye Iran bā Doval-e ḵāreǰe (Iran’s treaties with foreign countries), Tehran: Farous Publishing House. [in Persian]
Porgheshtal, Hammer (1367), History of the Ottoman Empire, translated by Mirza Zaki Aliabadi, edited by Jamshid Kianfar, Tehran: Zarīn. [in Persian]
Roūznāme-ye Safar-e Solṭān Morād IV be Iravan va Tabriz (The Journal of Sultan Murad IV’s Campaigns of Yerevan and Tabriz) (1044–45 AH/1635 AD), Edition and Introduction by Yunus Zeyrek, [and] Manzelname-ye Baghdad (The Gazetteer of the Baghdad Invasion), (1048–49 AH/1638–39 AD) Edition and Introduction by Halil Sahillioğlu, Introduced, annotated, attachments and translated from original Ottoman Turkish Texts  by Nasrollah Salehi, Tehran: Tahoūrī Publishers, 1390. [in Persian]
 Salehi, Nasrollah (1388), "Sultan Murad IV's campaign to Yerevan and Tabriz: causes and results (1044-1045 A.H.)", Quarterly Journal of the History of Islam and Iran, Vol. 19, No.75, p.106-77. [in Persian]
Salehi, Nasrollah (1399), "A comparative study of the reports of Iranian and Ottoman representatives in the negotiations of Erzurum (1259-1263 A.H.)", Quarterly Journal of Asia Minor Studies (Academy Special), vol. 10, 26-9. [in Persian]
Salehi, Nasrollah (Spring 1386), "Iranian and Ottoman confrontation over Baghdad (1048-1049/1638-1639): causes and results", Historical Studies and Research Quarterly, Vol. 15. [in Persian]
Tafreshi, Abu al-Mafakher (1388), Tarīḵ-e šāh Safī (History of Iran's Developments in 1038-1052 A.H.), edited by: Mohsen Bahramnejad, Tehran: Mīrāṯ-e Maktūb. [in Persian]
Vaḥīd Qazvīnī, Mīrzā Moḥammad Tāher (1383). Tārīḵ-e ǰahān-Ārāy-e ‘Abāsī, edited by Seyed Saeed Mir Mohammad Sadegh, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [in Persian]
Vale Qazvini Isfahani, Mohammad Yusuf (1382). Iran during the time of Reign of Shāh safi and šāh ‘Abbās II (from 1628 until 1661 A.D) (6th and 7th Hadiqa of the 8th Rowzah) - ḵold-e Barīn, edited and Annotated by M. R. Nasiri, Tehran: Society for the Appreciation of Cultural Works and Dignitaries, Tehran. [in Persian]
Zari