Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

1 PhD student of Islamic History, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of History, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran

Abstract

After the martyrdom of Imam Ali and due to the expansion of the Ahl al-Bayt family, the differences between the children of the Imams increased to obtain the position of Imamate, which undoubtedly brought a high spiritual and material status. Some children of Imams who had not reached the position of Imamate, considered this position as their right and did not accept the Imamate of their brother and even opposed their brother and tried to usurp his position of Imamate. Among these people was Abdullah Afteh who, after the death of his father, Imam Sadiq, considered the Imamate as his right and claimed the Imamate. The aim of the authors of this research is to investigate the reasons for Abdullah's action to take over his brother's place with a descriptive-analytical approach, and considering that there are pieces of evidence of his imamate, on what grounds was his imamate declared rejected? The results show that many factors, including the belief of the hadith narrators, the support of the Shiites, and especially the silence of Imam Kazem, made Abdullah more determined in his claim, and various reasons, including scientific disability, not having a son, and not introducing a successor, The passage of time caused the Shiites to return from believing in his Imamate.

Keywords

Main Subjects

al-Kolaynī, Moḥammad b. Yaʻqūb, (1987), Al-Kāfī, revised by: Ghafari Ali Akbar and Akhundi, Mohammad, 4th edition, Tehrān: Dār al-Kītāb al-Islāmīyya. (In Persian)
Al-Masʻūdī , ʻAlī b. Ḥosseīn, (2005), Iṯbāt al-wasiyya, third edition, Qom: Anṣārīyān. (In Persian)
Āmeli, Meytham, (2012), the role of Imams' children in the formation of sects, Publication info Journal, Year 11, Number 9. (In Persian)
ʻAyyāšī, Moḥammad b.Masʻoūd, (1961), Tafsir al-ʻAyyāšī, revised by: Rasouli Mahallati, Hashem, Tehrān: Al-Mattbaʻh Al-Elmīyya. (In Persian)
Barqī, Aḥmad b.Moḥammad b. ḵālīd, (1952), Al-Mahāsen, revised by: Muhadith, Jalaluddin, second edition, Qom: Dār al-Kītab al-Islāmīyyah. (In Persian)
Ebn Abī Ṯoleǰ, Moḥammad b. Aḥmad, (1990), Tārīḵ-e Ahl al-Bayt Naqlam ʻAn  Aʼema, revised by: Jalali Hosseini, Mohammad Reza, Qom: Āl Al-Bayt. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, ʻAlī b. Hosseīn, (1984), al-Imāma wa Tabṣara mīn al- Ḥīra, Qom: Madrasa Al-Imām Al-Mahdī. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, Moḥammad b. ʻAlī, (1978), Al-Tawhīd, revised by: Hosseini, Hashem, Qom: ǰamīʻa Modaresī. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, Moḥammad b. ʻAlī, (1986), Ṯawab al-Aʻmāl wa ʻīqāb‌ al-Aʻmāl  , second edition, Qom: Dār Al-šarīf Al-Rażī Līl-Našr. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, Moḥammad b. ʻAlī, (1993), Al-Eʻtīqādāt, second edition, Qom: Šeyḵ Al-Mofīd Congress. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, Moḥammad b. ʻAlī, (1993), Man La Yahḏuru al-Faqīh, revised by: Ghafāri, Alī Akbar, second edition, Qom: Islāmic Publications Office. (In Persian)
Ebn Bābawayh, Moḥammad ibn Alī, (1975), Kamāl al-ddīn wa Tamām al-Neʻma, revised by: Ghafāri, Alī Akbar, second edition, Tehrān: Islāmiya Publications. (In Persian)
Ebn Ḥamzah Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. ‌ ʻAlī, (1999), Al-Ṯaqīb Fī al-Manāqīb, revised by Alwān, Nabil Reżā, third edition, Qom: Anṣārīyān. (In Persian)
Ebn Ḥayyoūn, Noʻmān b. Moḥammad, (1989), Šarḥ al-Aḵbār fī Fażāʼl al-Aʼī,mma al-Aṭhār, revised by: Hosseini Jalalī, Moḥammad Ḥosseīn, Qom: Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom. (In Persian)
Ebn Ḥazm, (1983), ǰamharāt Ansāb Al-Arab, Beirut: Scientific Dār al-Kotob al-ʻElmīya. (In Persian)
Ebn ḵašāb, ʻAbdullāh b. Aḥmad, (2008), Tarīḵ-e mawalīd-ul a’īmma, Qom: Tebayan Cultural and Information Institute. (In Persian)
Ebn Šahrāšūb, Moḥammad b. ‌ʻAlī, (1960), Manaqīb Āl-e Abī-ṭalīb, Qom: Allameh. (In Persian)
Kašī, Moḥammad b. Omar, (1989), Iḵtīyār ma'rīfat al-rīǰāl, revised by: Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b.Ḥasan, Mostafavi, Ḥasan, Mashhad: Mashhad University Publishing House. (In Persian)
Latifi, Rahim and Darvishi, Mohammad, (2005), Afṭaḥiyyā, Journal Kalam Islāmi, No. 54. (In Persian)
Mofīd, Moḥammad b.Moḥammad, (1993, a), Al-Īršād fī ma'rīfat hoǰaǰ Allāh 'ala l-'ībād, Qom: Congress of Šeyḵ Al-Mofīd. (In Persian)
Mofid, Moḥammad b.Moḥammad, (1993, b), Al-Foṣūl al-Moḵtārah, revised by: Mir Sharifi, Alī, Qom: Congress of Šeyḵ Al-Mofīd. (In Persian)
No'mānī, Moḥammad b.Ibrāhīm, (1977), Al-Ḡayba, revised by: Ghafāri, Alī Akbar, Tehrān: Ṣadoūq Publishing. (In Persian)
Nūbaḵtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsā, (1984), Fīraq al-šīʻa, second edition, Beirut: Dār al-ażwā. (In Persian)
Paknia, Abdul-Karim, (2005), Some Reasons for the Imāmate of the Seventh Imām, moballeghān Magazine, No. 76. (In Persian)
Rāwandī, Qoṭb al-Dīn, (1409 AH), Al-ḵarāʼīj and Al-ǰarāʼīḥ, Qom: Imām Mahdi Institute. (In Persian)
Rażī, Moḥammad b. Ḥosseīn, (1994), Nahǰ al-Balāḡa, revised by: Saleh, Sobhi, Qom: Hijrat. (In Persian)
Safari Forushani, Nematullah and Bakhtiari, Zahra, (2016), Interaction between Imām Reżā and the Fatahiyā Sect, Quarterly Research Journal of History of Shiism, second year, number 2. (In Persian)
Šahrestānī, Moḥammad b. Abdol Karīm, (1364), Al-Mīlal and al-Nīhal, third edition, Qom: Al-Šarīf al-Rażī. (In Persian)
Samʻānī, Abdol Karīm b. Moḥammad, (1962), Al-Ansāb, researcher: Abdul-Rahman b. Yahya al-Moalemi Al-yemeni, Hyderābād: Majlis of the Ottoman Encyclopaedia. (In Persian)
Šāmī, Yusuf b. Ḥatīm, (2000), Al-Dorr Al-Naẓīm fi Manāqīb  Al- Aʼīma Al-Lahemīm, Qom: Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom. (In Persian)
Ṭabarsī, Fażl b. Ḥasan, (1971), Eʻlām al-Varā be Eʻlām al-Hodā (old edition), third edition, Tehran: Islāmīya Publications. (In Persian)
Ṭabarsī, Ḥasan b.  al-Faḏl, (1991), Makārem al-Aḵlāq, 4th edition, Qom: Al-Sharif al-Rażi. (In Persian)
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem and Bahrami, Alireza, (2013), An Essay of the Pathology of Challenges of Inception of Imamate of Imam Kazim, Emamat Pajouhi Quarterly, second year, number 8. (In Persian)
Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan, (1991), Al-Ḡayba, revised by: Tehrani, Ebadullah and Naseh, Ali-Ahmad, Qom: Dār al-Maʻārīf al-Islāmiya. (In Persian)
Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan, (1994), Al-Amālī, Qom: Dār al-Ṯīqāfa. (In Persian)
Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan, (2000), Al-Fehrest, revis ed by: Ṭabatabaei, Abdul-Aziz, Qom: Mohaghegh Ṭabatabaei Library. (In Persian)