History of Islam and Iran

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Registration guide in the system

Article submission guide

Guide for Authors

Transcription of resources

Pablons Registration Guide

Arbitration process

Judges of the Journal of History of Islam and Iran in 2023

Judges of the Journal of History of Islam and Iran in 2022

Judges of the Journal of History of Islam and Iran in 2021

Judges of the Journal of History of Islam and Iran in 2020

Judges of the Journal of History of Islam and Iran in 2019

An Analytical Study of the Role of the Geographical Factors in the Iran-Greece Wars During the Achaemenid Period

Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Department of history of Iran, Institute for humanities and Cultural Studies. Tehran, Iran

2 PhD Candidate in History of Ancient Iran, Department of History of Iran, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The wars of Iran and Greece during the Achaemenid period, which took place during the reign of Darius the Great and his successor, Xerxes, are among the most important historical issues, that for some reason, the Persians failed in these wars. One of the most influential factors in any war is the geographical issues of the battle zone. The present study has examined and analyzed the role of geographical factors in the performance of the Achaemenids against the Greeks. This study analyzes how the geographical factors, both military and natural, influenced the Iran-Greece wars. This article tries to answer the question of Achaemenids were caught in which the geographical traps in their attacks on Greece that affected the outcome of the battle. The results indicate that despite the fact that the Achaemenids considered many aspects in their attacks, but in several situations, they neglected to consider and identify geographical barriers that weakened or defeated them. The authors of the present paper completed the data collection through library studies and presented the results through historical descriptive analysis.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
List of Sources With English Handwrting
Adībī Sedeh, Mahdī (1385 Š). Sociology of War and Military Forces, Sixth Edition, Tehrān: Samt. (In Persian).
Baḵtūrtāš, Noṣratollāh (1350 Š). Diplomacy of the Achaemenid government, Tehrān: Setād-e Bozūrg-e Arteštārān. (In Persian).
Behmaneš, Aḥmad (1338 Š). History of Ancient Greece, Volume 1, Tehrān: Tehrān University. (In Persian).
Briant, Pierre (1395 Š). Darius the Great and the Achaemenid Empire on three continents, translated by Moḥammad Maǰlesī, Tehrān: Donyā-ye Nū. (In Persian).
Collins, John M. (1384 Š). Military Geography, translated by Moḥammad Rezā Āhanī, Vol. 1, Tehrān: Emām Hosayn University. (In Persian).
Cook, John Manuel (1384Š ) . Achaemenid Empire, translated by Morteżā Ṯāqebfar, Tehrān: Qoqnūs. (In Persian).
Čūḵāčīzāde Moqaddam, Moḥammad Bāqer (1379 Š). Geography, Defense and Security Applications, Tehrān: Entešārāte Mūʼassese Emām Ḥosayn. (In Persian).
Čūḵāčīzāde Moqaddam, Moḥammad Bāqer (1382 Š). "Territory and Nature of Military Geography", Scientific Journal of Defense Policy, Vol 11, No. 42, pp. 23-1. (In Persian).
Dandamayev, Moḥammad ʻAbdūlqadyrovīč. (1394 Š). Achaemenid political history, translated by Farīd ǰavāherkalām, Tehrān: Farzān Rūz. (In Persian).
Farroḵ, Kāve (1390 Š). Shadows in the Desert (Ancient Iran during the War), translated by Pedrām Ḵazāī, Kermānšah: Tāq-Bostān. (In Persian).
Ḡolāmʻalī, Rašīd and Hādī Morādpīrī (1389 Š). "The effective factors of the choice of operational scenes in the eight years of holy defense". (In Persian).
Ḡolāmʻalīan, Amīr (1389 Š). "Application of Military Geography in Operational Planning". Faṣlname ʻOlūm va Fonūne Neẓāmī, Vol 7, Issue 18, pp. 33-50. (In Persian).
Ḥanafī, ʻAlī and Ῑraǰ Ḥātamī (1392 Š). " Finding suitable areas for the deployment of military forces in the border area of Mehran using GIS ", Faṣlname ʻElmī Pažūhešīye Modīrīyat-e Neẓāmī, No. 49, Vol 13, pp. 107-128. (In Persian).
Head, Duncan (1391Š). The Achaemenid Persian Army, translated by Moḥammad Aqāǰarī, Tehrān: Qoqnūs. (In Persian).
Herodotus (1368 Š). History, translated by Qolāmʻalī Vaḥīd Māzandarānī, Tehrān:.Donyā-ye Ketāb. (In Persian).
Higgent, Charles (1378 Š). Xerxes's campaign in Greece, translated by Ḵašāyār Bahārī, Tehrān: Kārang. (In Persian).
Holland, Tom (1396 Š). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for Conquest of the West, translated by Mānī Ṣālehī ʻAllāme, Tehrān: Aḵtarān. (In Persian).
Moqtader, Ḡūlām Ḥosayn (1320Š). Military History of Iran, Tehrān: Bahār. (In Persian).
Pāpelī Yazdī, Moḥammad Ḥoseyn (1376 Š). Developments in Geography after the Islamic Revolution, Proceedings of the Conference on Research and Capabilities of Geography, Tehrān: Institute of Geography and Tehrān University. (In Persian).
Pīrnīyā, Ḥasan (1380 Š). History of Ancient Iran, Tehrān: Afsūn. (In Persian).
Ṣafavī, Seyyed Yaḥyā (1379 Š). "An Introduction to Military Geography (Definitions and General Topics)-Part II", Faṣlname ʻElmī Pažūhešīye Eṭelaʻāte ǰoḡrāfīyāīe Sepehr, Vol 9, Issue 33, pp. 9-5. (In Persian).
Ṣafavī, Seyyed Yaḥyā (1381 Š). "An Introduction to Military Geography", Faṣlname ʻElmī Pažūhešīye Eṭelaʻāte ǰoḡrāfīyāīe Sepehr, Vol 11, Issue 44, pp. 5-9. (In Persian).
Sanāīfar, Yūnes (1381Š). Military Geography of Iran, Tehrān: Danešgāhe Afsarī Imām ʻAlī, Faṣlname Moṭaleʻāt-e Defāʻī Strātežīk, Vol 9, Issue 39, pp. 175-200. (In Persian).
 - Abbott, Jacob (1850), History Xerxes the great, NewYork: Harper & brothers.
- Burn, A. R. (1962), Persia and the Greeks: The Defense of the west, 546-478 BC, London: Butler & Tanner.
- Camp, John M. (2001), The Archaeology of Athens, Yale University Press.
- Cawkwell, George (2005), The Greek Wars the Failure of Persia, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Green, Peter (1996), The Greco Persian wars, California: Berkeley and LosAngeles.
- Souza, de Philip, Waldemir Heckel and Llewellyn-jones, Lloyd (2004), The Greeks at War from Athens to Alexander, Osprey Publishing.
- Van Evera, S. (1999), Causes of war: power and the roots of conflict, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
 
English Sources
- Abbott, Jacob (1850), History Xerxes the great, NewYork: Harper & brothers.
- Burn, A. R. (1962), Persia and the Greeks: The Defense of the west, 546-478 BC, London: Butler & Tanner.
- Camp, John M. (2001), The Archaeology of Athens, Yale University Press.
- Cawkwell, George (2005), The Greek Wars the Failure of Persia, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Green, Peter (1996), The Greco Persian wars, California: Berkeley and LosAngeles.
- Souza, de Philip, Waldemir Heckel and Llewellyn-jones, Lloyd (2004), The Greeks at War from Athens to Alexander, Osprey Publishing.
- Van Evera, S. (1999), Causes of war: power and the roots of conflict, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
 
 
History of Islam and Iran
Volume 31, Issue 50 - Serial Number 140
July 2021
Pages 165-187
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics