An Analysis of the Historical Background of the Emergence of Development Planning and the Formation of the Planning Organization in Iran (the Reign of Pahlavi 1925-1948)

Shahvand, Ali; Saeedinia, Habibalah

doi:10.22051/hii.2018.18618.1541

Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

Ali Shahvand ¹
Habibalah Saeedinia ²

¹ PhD Candidate in History of Islamic Iran, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr

² Associate Professor, Department of History, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2018.18618.1541

Abstract

Planning was initially taken into consideration with a view to development at the beginning of the 20^th century and in the wake of international changes intervening the both world wars, a move that was later taken up by underdeveloped countries. In Iran, the idea of planning and the temporary attempts to implement it came to the fore before they found international acceptance, during the reign of Reza Shah. Following the international and domestic changes caused by the Second World War, the idea of planning in Iran experienced a revival of interest within both the government and the national community. Attempts to develop the first plan and establish the Planning Organization took place in a space of four years. During this period, the employment of specialized knowledge, provided by American consulting firms and on the recommendation of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), led the Iranian Planning Organization to be considered as acting in the service of capitalist interests. In fact, although the idea of planning in Iran has a long history, its establishment and development after the Second World War took place under international conditions and the direction of the United States. In this light, the present study seeks to look into the emergence of the Planning Organization in Iran by addressing an important question: Is the establishment of Planning Organization in Iran the product of domestic thought and needs or an imposed program in line with capitalist interests. Using the historical method and relying on recent sources and documents, the present study acknowledges the origins of the Iranian planning system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

History of Islamic Iran

References

Afshārī, Z. 2001. Barnāmih Rīzīyi Iḳtiṣādī. 1^st (Ed). SAMT, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

(Anonymous). 1973. Tārīkhi Mukhtaṣari ʻAḳāyidi Iḳtiṣādī. 1^st (Ed). Tehran University, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Arāmish, A. 1991. Khāṭirti Sīyāsīyi Aḥmadi Arāmish. Gh. Mīrzā Ṣāliḥ. (Editor). Djiy, Isfahan. (In Persian) (Book)

Avery, P. (n.d). Tārīkhi Muʻāṣiri Īrān az Taʼsīsi Pahlawī tā Kūditāyi 28 Murdādi 1332 S.H. M.R. Mihr Ābādī. (Translator). Vol.2. ʻAṭāī, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

ʻAẓīmī Ārānī, Ḥ. 2015. Tūsiʻiyih, Barnāmih Rīzīyi wa Farhang.2^nd (Ed). (Symposium). Kh. Nūr Muḥammadī. Niy, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Baldwin, G.B. 2015. Barnāmih Rīzīyi wa Tūsiʻih dar Īrān. 1^st (Ed). M. ʻAẓīmī. (Translator). ʻIlm, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Bashīr Gunbadī, T. 2003. Asnādī az Aṣli 4 Trūman dar Īrān 1946-1967. The Presidency Document Center. Ministry of Culture & Islamic Guidance, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Bihnūd, M. 1995. Az Siyyid Ḍīyāʼ tā Bakhtīyār; Dūlathāyi Īrān az Isfandi 1299 tā Shahrīwari 1357 S.H. Djāwīdān, (n.p). (In Persian) (Book)

Black, J. 1962. Dīplumsīyi Rushdi Iḳtiṣādī. A. Djazāyirī. (Translator). Murwārīd, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Bustak, F., J. Jones. 2016. Barnāmih Rīzīyi wa Ḳudrat dar Īrāni Abul Ḥasani Ibtihādj wa Tūsiʻiyih Iḳtiṣādī Zīri Sulṭiyih Shāh. M. Pāzūkī. & ʻA. Ḥabībī. (Translators). 1^st (Ed). Kawīr, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Digar, J.P., B. Hourcade. & Y. Richard. 1999. Īrān dar Ḳarni Bīstum; Barrisyi Ūḍāʻi Sīyāsī, Iḳtiṣādī, Idjtimāʻī wa Farhangīyi Iran dar Yikṣad Sāli Akhīr. ʻA.R. Hūshangi Mahdawī. (Translator). Alburz, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Farmānfarmāīyān, Kh. 2002. Tūsiʻiyih dar Īrān.1^st (Ed). Gh. Afkhamī. (Editor). Gāmi Nū, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Gasiorowski, M.J. (n.d). Sīyāsti Khāridjīyi Āmrīkā wa Shāh, Banāyi Dūlatī Dast Nishāndih dar Īrān. 1^st (Ed). F. Fāṭimī. (Translator). Markaz, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Gernoyle, J.A.S. 2000. Tārīkhi Djahān dar Ḳarni Bīstum. Vol.1. Dj. Shīrāzī. & F. Djilwih. & ʻA.A. Bahrām Biygī. (Translators). H. Humāyūn Pūr. (Editor). Furūzān Rūz, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Ghanī Nizhād, M. 2017. Iḳtiṣād wa Dūlat dar Īrān. 1^st(Ed). Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture. Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Good, J.F. 1994. Āmrīkā dar Bīkhabarī 1947-1952.1^st (Ed). A. Shahs. (Translator). Rasā, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Hidāyat, M.M.A. 1966. Khāṭirt wa Khāṭarāti Gūshihāī az Tārīkhi Shish Pādishāh wa Gūshiī az Dūriyih Zindigīyi Man. 2^nd (Ed). Zawār, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Hunt, A.K. 2003. Takāmuli Nahādhā wa Īdiʼūlūzhīhyi Iḳtiṣādī; Mālikīyat wa Risālat. 1^st (Ed). S. Bihdād. (Translator). Agāh, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Ibtihādj, A. 1993. Khāṭirti Abul Ḥasani Ibtihādj. ʻIlmī, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Īṭilāʻāt Newspaper. (19), No. 5538. 1945/August/22, Sunday.

Īṭilāʻāt Newspaper. (19), No. 5539. 1945/August/23, Monday.

Īṭilāʻāt Newspaper. (20), No. 6018. 1946/April/4, Sunday.

Īṭilāʻāt Newspaper. (20), No. 6027. 1946/April/11, Thursday.

Īṭilāʻāt Newspaper. (22), No. 6801. 1948/December/2, Thursday.

Kamālī, M. 2001. Djāmiʻiyih Madanī, Dūlat wa Nūsāzī dar Īrān. K. Pūlādī. (Translator). The Center of Recognition of Islam and Iran, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Kārshināsī, M. 2004. Naft, Dūlat wa Ṣanʻatī Shudan dar Īrān.1^st (Ed). Y. Ḥādjī ʻAbdul Wahāb. & ʻA.A. Saʻīdī. (Translators). Gāmi Nū, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Khalīlī Khū, M.R. 1995. Tūsiʻiyih wa Nūsāzī dar Dūriy Riḍā Shāh. 1^st (Ed). Jihad Dānishgāhī; Shahid Beheshty University, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

McLeod, T.H. 1999. Barnāmih Rīzīyi dar Īrān. 1^st (Ed). ʻA. Aʻẓam Biygī. (Translator). Niy, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Madjīdī, ʻA.M. 2004. Khāṭirti ʻAbdul-Madjīdī, The Consulter of Minister and The Head of Plan and Budget Organization 1973-1978. 3^rd (Ed). Ḥ. Lādjiwardī. (Editor). Gāmi Nū, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Madjmūʻih Ḳawnni Mūḍūʻih wa Muṣawabti Dūriyi Pānzdahumi Ḳānūn Gudhārī. (n.d). Madjlis, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Madjmūʻih Ḳawnni Mūḍūʻih wa Muṣawabti Dūriyi Pānzdahumi Ḳānūn Gudhārī. 1972. Madjlis, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Marchowski, J. 1977. Barnāmih Rīzīyi Susīyālīstī. 1^st (Ed). M. Farhang. (Translator). Iran National University, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Millspaugh, A. 1978. Maʼmūrīyati Āmrīkāīhā dar Īrān. Ḥ. Abūturābīyān. (Translator). Payām, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

------. 1998. Āmrīkāīhā dar Īrān. 1^st (Ed). ʻA.R. Hūshangi Mahdawī. (Translator). Alburz, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Morrison-Knudsen Company. 1947 .Guzārishi Morrison-Knudsen; Muḳāṭiʻih Kārān ʻUmūmī. (n.n), (n.p). (In Persian) (Book)

Mūsawī Djahrumī, Y. 2011. Tūsiʻiyih Iḳtiṣād wa Barnāmih Rīzīyi. 1^st (Ed). Payāmi Nūr, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Nafīsī, M. 1948. Guzārishi Āḳāyi Nafīsī Rādjiʻ bi Barnāmiyih Haft Sālih. (n.n), (n.p). (In Persian) (Book)

Pahlawī, M.R. 1992. Pāsukh bi Tārīkhi. Ḥ. Abūturābīyān. (Translator). Mutardjim, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

------. (n.d). Maʼmūrīyat Barāyi Waṭanam. Bunyādi Pahlawī, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Rawāsānī, Sh. (n.d). Dūlat wa Ḥukūmat dar Īrān dar Dūriyi Tasaluṭi Istiʻmāri Sarmāyidārī. Shamʻ, (n.p). Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Razāḳī, I. 1992. Ulgūī Barāyi Tūsiʻiyih Iḳtiṣādīyi Tūsiʻiyih Iḳtiṣādī. 2^nd (Ed). Tūsiʻiyih, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

------. 1997. Guzīdiyih Iḳtiṣād Īrān. Amīr Kabīr, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Saʻīdī, ʻA.A. 2014. Tiknūkrāsī wa Sīyāstguzārīyi Iḳtiṣādī dar Īrān. 1^st (Ed). R. Nīyāzmand. (Editor). Lūḥi Fikr, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Shāhdī, M. 2011. Ufūli Mashrūṭīyat, Zindigī Nāmihyi Sīyāsīyi Duktur Manūčihr Iḳbāl. 1^st (Ed). Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Shamīm, ʻA.A. 1966. Īrān dar Dūriyi Salṭanati Aʻlāḥaḍrat Muḥammad Riḍā Pahlawī. Ibni Sīnā, (n.p). Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Shuster, W.M. 2005. Ikhtināḳi Īrān. 2^nd (Ed). Ḥ. Afshār. (Translator). Māhī, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Stewart, M. 1990. Kīnz. 1^st (Ed). Shiraz University, Shiraz. (In Persian) (Book)

Tafaḍulī, F. 2014. Tārīkhi ʻAḳāyidi Iḳtiṣādī az Aflāṭūn tā Dūrāni Muʻāṣir 600 B.C- A.D 2000. 1^st (Ed). Niy, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

The Center of Iran’s National Document. No. 240/25095- 297/3399- 240/13538- 240/10221.

Thornburg, M.W. 1964. People and Policy in the Middle East. VAIL-BALLOS, New York. (Book)

Todaro, M. 1999. Tūsiʻiyih Iḳtiṣādī dar Djahāni Siwum. Gh. Fardjādī. (Translator). Bāztāb, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Tūfīḳ, F. 2006. Barnāmih Rīzīyi dar Īrān wa Čashmandāzi Āyandiyih Ān. 1^st (Ed). Management and Planning Organization, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

Zāhidī, ʻA. 1964. Luzūmi Prūgrāmi Ṣanʻatī. (n.n), Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)

History of Islam and Iran

An Analysis of the Historical Background of the Emergence of Development Planning and the Formation of the Planning Organization in Iran (the Reign of Pahlavi 1925-1948)

References

References

Volume 28, Issue 40 - Serial Number 130
February 2019
Pages 33-57

An Analysis of the Historical Background of the Emergence of Development Planning and the Formation of the Planning Organization in Iran (the Reign of Pahlavi 1925-1948)

References

References

Volume 28, Issue 40 - Serial Number 130February 2019Pages 33-57

Volume 28, Issue 40 - Serial Number 130
February 2019
Pages 33-57