Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

1 Postdoctoral researcher at University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Professor of History, Department of History & Iranology, University of Isfahan Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

After the occupation of Iran by the Allies in August 1941 and the resignation of Reza Shah, the fourteenth National Consultative Assembly election took place in a completely different atmosphere. During this election, the Tudeh party managed to secure some parliamentary seats mainly from the northern region that were under the occupation of the Soviet Army. However, one Tudeh party candidates, Taghi Fadakar, stood out in Isfahan. Isfahan  Located at the center of the country, Isfahan was not within the infiltration zone of neighboring north. Moreover, it was unlikely for a leftist candidate to win in a constituency known for its traditional and conservative culture. Hence, a separate study is necessary to analyze the fourteenth parliamentary election in Isfahan.
The current research investigates the factors that were linked to the Tudeh party candidate’s victory in this election and presents the hypothesis that the main factor behind the success of Taqi Fadakar was a fragile coalition with two other conservative candidates, who had strong conflicts with the Tudeh Party. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, by extracting data from the unpublished documents of the archive of the National Assembly, a statistical analysis of the vote counting results is presented. According to findings, despite the common belief, most of Taghi Fadakar’s votes comes from rural parts of the constituency, not labor society of Isfahan. Therefore, without the coalition and rural votes, Fadakar's success would have been almost impossible.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Abrahamian, Ervand (2005), Iran between two revolutions, Tehran: Ney Publications.
Abtahi, Ali-Reza and Kimiyā Kashtiara (2013), A brief overview of the performance of Taqi Fadakar, a member of the Tudeh labor union in Isfahan (1320-1332 Š), Scientific Journal of History Reseach, No. 31.
Afghari, Mohammad (2020), Analysis of Political Participation During 5th to 24th Rounds of National Consultative Assembly Elections (1923-1978 A.D) (Case Study: Isfahan), Ph. D Thesis, Isfahan, University of Isfahan.
Allah-yari, Freydun (2012), Basics of Social History of Iran, Abadan: Porseš Publications.
 Ann Lambton (1983), Landlord and peasant in Persia, Translated by Manouchehr Amiri, Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī Publications.
Barzin, Saeed (1994), Political class and demographic structure in Iran, Journal of Political-Economic Information, No. 81 & 82.
Dowlatabadi, Hessam ul-Din (1971): SPolitics and Efforts, Vahid memoris magazine, No. 1 & 2.
Dowlatabadi, Hessam ul-Din (1972): Politics and Efforts, Vahīd memoris magazine, No. 9 & 10.
Ezaz Nikpey, Aziz-Allah (1968), Fate or Tact, Tehran: Ebn-Sīnā Publications.
Farahani, Hassan & Hedayatullah Behbudi (2014), Journal of Contemporary History of Iran, Vol. 5, Tehrān: Political Studies and Research Institute.
Homāei Shirazi, Jallal-al-Din (2011), History of Isfahan, events and sultans of Isfahan, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
Jaberi Ansari, Hassan (1942), The history of Isfahan and Rey and the whole wolrd, Esfahan: Ḵerad Publications.
Khmeei, Anwar (1993): Anwar Khameei's political memoirs, Tehran: Goftār Publications.
Khmeei, Anwar (1995), Tudeh Party of Iran; 50 years and 3 years, Gozāreš Journal, No. 7.
Ketabi, Ahmad (1998), The economic, political, social and cultural disturbances of Isfahan in the years 1320-24 Š, Scientific Research Journal of Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Isfahan, No. 15, 2nd round.
Kiyani, Vida (1992), Developments of labor unions in Isfahan (1333-34 Š), Ganǰīneh Asnād, No. 5 & 6.
Ḵosrowpanah, Mohammad Hossein (1384), The inevitable history of the independent labor unions of Isfahan (1321-1323 Š), Goftogū Quarterly, No. 43.
Mahdavi, Mosleh-al-Din (1988), Scientific and social history of Isfahan in the last two centuries, Qom, Dār-ul-Hīdāyah Publications.
Mahdavi, Mosleh-al-Din (2005), Scientists and seniors of Esfahan, Vol. 1, Esfahan: Goldasteh Publications.
Modarresi, Ali(1991), The political-economic part: about the flow of history, Yād Maganize, No. 22.
Montazer-al-Qaem and Others (2014), Encyclopedia of Takht-e Fūlad, Esfahan: Isfahan Municipality Publications.
Moharamkhani, Fariborz & Mansour Anbarmoo (2014), The impact of Iranian Fantasy on Marxism: A study on the Tudeh Party of Iran, History of Islam and Iran, al-Zahra University, No 21.
Nuraei, Morteza & Rajaei, Abd-al Mahdi (2013), Tudeh Party and Labor Movement of Isfahan (1325-1320 Š/ 1941-1946 AD), Journal of Bahārestan documents research, No. 1.
Parliament Members (1977), The names of the parliament members from the beginning to the 24th round, Tehran: n.p.
Rāh-e Tūdeh Website (2022), Mahmud Buqrati, a patient organizer and party visionary, retrieved from: http://www.rahetudeh.com/rahetude/yadbood/html/2006/mahmudboghrati.html
Rajabifard, Hassan & Karim Soleimani Dehkordi (2021), Isfahan industrialization and the emergence of the working class, Social History Researchs, Year. 11, No. 2.
Rajaei, Abd-al Mahdi (2008), Urban Changes and Management of Isfahan in Pahlavi I Period, Esfahan: Isfahan Municipality Publications.
Rajaei, Abd-al Mahdi (2014), The situation of textile industries on Iranian urban transition (1925 –1979) "A critical study", Ph. D Thesis, Isfahan, University of Esfahan.
Sadri, Shams (1951): Dar rah-e Vazīfeh (On the path of duty), Esfahan: Ḵodāe'ī printery.
Šafaqī, Sīrūs (2002), Geography of Esfahan, Esfahan: University of Isfahan Publications.
Shahidi, Abu-al-Qassim (1972), How did the Isfahan elections in 1322 Š go and why was the governor mute? Vahīd Magazine, No. 17.
Shahidi, Abu-al-Qassim (1973), How the governor of Isfahan became mute? Vahīd Magazine, No. 18.
Shamideh, Moharam-Ali (1994), Shamideh's biography, By the effort and editing of Bahram Chobineh, Germany, Mūrtazavī printery.
Ṭayrani, Behruz (2005), Documents of political parties of Iran (Tudeh party), Vol. 2, Tehrān: National Library of Iran.
The Center of Historical Documents Survey (2003), Čap dar Īrān be revāyat Asnād Sāvāk (The left in Iran, according to SAVAK documents), Vol 1, Tehran: Ministry of Intelligence.
Torabi Farsani, Soheyla & Maryam Tavasoli Kuhpaei (2009), An Introduction to the Historigraphy of the Tudeh Party of Iran, Historical Perspective & Historigraphy, al-Zahrā University, No. 4.
Aržang, Owned and Edited by Abd-al-Allāh Vazīrzādeh, Published in Esfahan.
No. 3, 22 Farvardīn 1304 Š.
Esfahan, Owned and Edited by Amīr-Gholī Amīnī , Published in Isfahan.
No. 5, 22 Farvardīn 1322 Š; No. 26, 17 Mordād 1322 Š; No. 48, 9 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 49, 12 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 52, 23 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 53, 30 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 55, 3 Āzar 1322 Š; No. 1106, 19 Tīr 1342 Š; No. 3428, 17 Ordībehešt 1354 Š;
Sarnevešt, Owned and Edited by Javād Majdzādeh Sahbā, Published in Isfahan.
No. 6, 25 Mehr 1322 Š; No. 9, 16 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 10, 23 Ābān 1322 Š;
Erfān, Owned and Managed by Ahmad Erfān, Published in Isfahan.
No. 2173, 5 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 2184, 25 Ābān 1322 Š;
Naqš Jahān, Owned by Hūssein Nūrsadeqī, Published in Isfahan.
No. 37, 1 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 39, 8 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 40, 11 Ābān 1322 Š; No. 44, 25 Ābān 1322 Š;
Archive and Library of the Islamic Parliament
Election monitoring commission reports of Isfahan constituency in 6th, 14th, 15th & Shahreza constituency in 14th rounds of parliamantary elections.