Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in History of Islam, Al-Zahra University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Al-Zahra University

Abstract

After the Abbasids come to power, they faced the challenge of divergence of Alavids, Shi'as, and social legitimacy, among which The Nafs Zakie's Movement was the most important with the widespread social and political reflection amid people, although it did not institutionalize and got failed.
In this essay, for evaluating the rate of the impact of each of the social and political factors and comparing the library data, indicators of these factors were identified, and a quantitative method (AHP) was used in four steps to hierarchically analyze The Nafs Zakie's Movement to determine the social and political factors of its failure. The findings show that although this movement was emerged because of the social and political factors in its beginning, and the society became ready to accept the charismatic leadership of Mohammad, but on one hand the social challenge which he faced, made him far away from the society, and on the other hand Caliph’s plans pave the ground to loss of his charismatic position. So in the assessment of The Nafs Zakie's Movement’s failure, social factors exceed the political ones.

Keywords

Main Subjects

List of sources with English handwriting
-          [Anon] (1391), Aḵbār al-Dolta al-‘Abbāsīyya va Fiha Aḵbār al-A’Abbās va Valada, Edited by ‘Abul‘azīz al-Dorī va ‘Abdulĵabbār al-Moṭalibī, Beirut: Dār al-‘Elmīya.
-          Āīīnavand, Ṡādiq; Bayātī, Hādī, Estahrī, Hādī (Winter 1393 Š.), “Vākāvī-yeQīām-e Moḥammad b. ‘Abullāh, (Nifse Zikīyya) va Natāyeĵ va Peyāmadhā-ye Ān”, Maĵala-ye Šīašināsī, 12, No. 48, pp. 203-226. [In Persian]
-          Bal‘amī, Abu ‘Alī Moḥammad (1378 Š.), Tārīḵnāma-ye Ṭabarī, Edited by Moḥammad Rošan, Vol. 3, Tehran: Sorūš. [In Persian]
-          Barādarān, Reżā; Golpūr Sūta, Moḥammad Ṡādiq (Spring 1396 Š.), “Mahdibāvarī va Moalifahā-ye Ān dar Mīān-e Zidīyān Moqārin bā Ẓohūr-e Nafsi Zakīyya (100-145)”, Tārīḵ-e Farhag va Tamaddon-e Eslāmī, No. 26, pp. 117-138. [In Persian]
-          Bilāḏorī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā (1959), Ansāb al-Ašrāf, Edited by Moḥammad Ḥamīdallāh, Vol. 3, Miṡr: Dār al-Ma‘ārif.
-          Dīnivarī, Abuḥanīfa, Aḥmad b. Dāvūd (1368), Aḵbār al-Ṭivāl, Edited by ‘Abudlna‘īm ‘Āmir, ĵamāl al-Dīn Šīāl, Qom: Manšūrāt-e Arżī.
-          Dīnivarī, Ibn Qotiba (1410/1990), Al-Emāma va al-Sīāsa, Edited by ‘Alīšīrī, Vol. 2, Beirut: Dār al-Ażvā.
-          Dīnivarī, Ibn Qotiba (1380 Š.), Emāmat va Sīāsat (Tārīḵ-e ḵolafā), Translated by Sayyed Nāṡir Ṭabāṭabāīī, Tehran: Qoqnūš. [In Persian]
-          Ḏahbī, Moḥammad b. Aḥmad (1413/1993), Tārīḵ al-Eslām va Vafīyāt al-Mašāhīr va al-‘Alām, Edited by ‘Omar ‘Abulsalām Tadmorī, Vol. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī.
-          Esfahānī, Abulfaraĵ ‘Alī (n. d.), Maqāṭil al-Ṭālibīn, Edited by Sayyed Aḥmad Ṡaqr, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa.
-          Ibn ‘Abdiraba, Aḥmad (n. d.), Al-‘Iqd al-Farīd, Edited by ‘Alī Širī, Vol. 5, Beirut: Dār al-Torāṯ al-Eslāmīyya al-‘Arabī.
-          Ibn ‘Anba, Aḥmad b. ‘Alī (1417), ‘Omda al-Ṭālib fi Ansāba Āl Abīṭālib, Qom: Anṡārīān.
-          Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd, ‘Abdulḥamīd (1386/ 1966), Šarḥ-e Nahĵ al-Balāḡa, Edited by Moḥammad Abulfażl Ebrāhīm, Vol. 16, Beirut: Dār Eḥyā al-Torāṯ al-‘Arabī.
-          Ibn Aṯīr, ‘Ezz al-Dīn ‘Alī (1385/1965), Al-Kāmil fi al-Tārīḵ, Vol. 5, Beirut: Dār Ṡādir- Dār Beyrūt.
-          Ibn Ḥabīb, Moḥammad (n. d.), Al-Moḥabbar, Edited by Eliza Liḵtḵtin Šitītr, Beirut: D al-Āfāq al-ĵadīda.
-          Ibn ĵuzī, Abul faraĵ (1368), Talbīs-e Iblīs, Translated by ‘Alīreżā Qrāgozlū, Vol. 8, Tehran: Markaz-e Našr-e Dānišgāhī. [In Persian]
-          Ibn ḵadūn, ‘Abdulraḥmān b. Moḥammad (1408/1988), Dīvān al-Mobtadā va al-ḵābar fi Tārīḵ al-‘Arab va al-Barbar, Edited by ḵalīl Šaḥāda, Vol. 2-3, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-          Ibn Kaṯīr, Al-Damišqī, Eslmāīl (1407). 1986), Al-Badāya va al-Nahāya, Vol. 10, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-          Ibn Ṭiqṭiqī, Moḥammad b. ‘Alī (1418/1997), Al-Faḵrī fi Ādāb al-Solṭānīyya va al-Doval al-Eslāmīyya, Edited by ‘Abdul Qādir Moḥammad Māyo, Beirut: Dār al-Qalam al-‘Arabī.
-          Ḥosseinīān Moqadam, Ḥossien (Spring 1391 Š.), “Vākāvī-ye Šo‘ār-e ‘Abbasīān dar Ḏihnīyyat-e ‘Omūmī-ye ĵāmi‘a,” Peĵūhišnāma-ye Tārīḵ-e Eslām, 4, No. 13, pp. 27-54.
-          Maḥallī, Ḥamīd b. Moḥammad (1432), Al-Hidāeq al-Vardīyya fo Manāṡib al-Aima al-Ziydīyya, Edited by Mortażā b. Ziyd al-Maḥṭūrī al-Ḥasanī, Sana’a: Maṭbū‘āt-e Maktaba Markiza Badr.
-          Maqdasī, Moṭahir b. Ṭāhir (1374 Š.), Āfariniš va Tārīḵ, Translated by Moḥammadreżā Šafī‘ī Kadkanī, Vol. 2, Tehran: Āgāh. [In Persian]
-          Mas‘udī, ‘Alī b. al-Ḥossein (1409), Morūĵ al-Ḏahab va Ma‘ādin al-ĵavāhir, Edited by As‘ad Dāḡir, Vols. 2-3, Qom: Dār al-Hiĵra.
-          Najafīān Rażavī, Leilā (Spring 1391 Š.), “Vākāvī-ye Dalāyila Ḥimāyat, Hamrāhī va Hamgirāī-ye Fikrī-ye Aṡḥāb-e Maḏāhib-e Eslāmī-ye Zidīyya, Mo‘tazila va Morĵa‘a bā Naḵostīn Qīāmhā-ye Sādāt-e Ḥasanī tā Sāl-e 145 Hiĵrī”, Moṭāli ‘āt-e Tārīḵ-e Farhangī, 3, No. 11, pp. 97-124. [In Persian]
-          Qodsīpūr, Sayyed Ḥossein (1391 Š.), Farāyan-d Taḥlīl-e Silsilamarātibī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e ĵahād-e Dānišgāhī-ye Dānišgāh-e Ṡan‘atī-ye Amīr Kabīr. [In Persian]
-          Ṭabarī, Moḥammad b. ĵarīr (1408), Tārīk al-Ṭabarī, Vols. 4-7, Beirut: Dār al-Kotob al-‘Elmīyya.
-          Valavī, ‘Alī Moḥammad (1380 Š.), Dīānat va Sīāsat dar Qorūn-e Naḵostīn-e Eslāmī, Tehran: Dāišgāh-e Alzahrā. [In Persian]
-          Yaqūbī, Ibn Vāżiḥ (1413 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Yaqūbī, Edited by ‘Abulamīr Mohanā, Vol. 2, Beirut: Moasisa al-‘Elmī lilmaṭbū‘āt.
 
 
Books in English
-Bryman, Alan (1992), Charisma and Leadership in Organization, London: Sage Publications.
- Weber, Max (2019), Economy and Society: A Nnew Translation, Edited and translated by Keith Tribe, Harvard University Press.