Document Type : Scientific-Research

Author

PhD in History of Islamic Iran, Lecturer in Bushehr Farhangian University

Abstract

The Persian Gulf and its northern and southern coasts have always been of national, regional and global political and social importance. At the beginning of the Qajar period, this waterway had a trade and commercial importance; Then it became politically and militarily important. The lack of an efficient navy for the Iranians has always been the most important reason for the lack of proper control of the Persian Gulf by the Iranian governments, especially in modern times. Some of the kings of the Iranian governments, from Safavid to Qajar, sought to create a powerful navy to establish security and boost trade and commerce in the Persian Gulf.
 In this article, the formation of a modern and regular navy in the Persian Gulf by Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar and the role of the Persepolis ship in creating internal and external security in this waterway have been studied by descriptive-analytical method and using historical and library resources.
According to the results of this article, Nasser al-Din Shah's main goal in creating a navy was to counter the intervention of colonial powers, especially Britain, in the Persian Gulf region. Of course, he was not successful in this way and only managed to punish and suppress the rebellious rulers with the Persepolis ship on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf.

Keywords

Main Subjects

List of sources with English handwriting
 A) Books and Articles
-        Ādamīyyat, Firaydūn (1362 Š.), Amīr Kabīr va Īrān, Tehran: Širkat-e Sahāmi-ye Entišārāt-e Ḵārazmī. [In Persian]
-        Āle Dāwūd, Sayyed ‘Alī (1371 Š.), Nānmahā-ye Amīr Kabīr bi Enżimām-e Risāla-ye Navādir al-Amīr, Tehran: Našr-e Tārīḵ-e Īrān. [In Persian]
-        Afšār Sīstānī, Īraĵ (1377 Š.), ĵazīra-ye Hindorābī va Drayā-ye Pārs va Nigāhī bi ĵazīra-ye Fāro va Qārūgān, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Rūzbih. [In Persian]
-        Amīrī, Ḥeidar (1394 Š.), Sairī dae Šaḵsīat va Mobārizāt-e Zāyir ḵiżr ḵān Ahramī (Tangistānī) Amīr Eslām dar ĵang-e ĵahānī-ye Avval, Bushehr: Entišārāt-e ḵāna-ye Rīāżīāt. [In Persian]
-        Bīnā, ‘Alī Akbar (1369 Š.), “Tārīḵ-e Do Hizār va Pānṡad Sāla-ye ḵalīĵ-e Fārs”, Mojmū ‘a Magālāt-e ḵalīĵ-e Fārs Markaz-e Moṯāli‘āt-e ḵalīĵ-e Fārs, Daftar-e Moṯāli‘āt-e Sīāsī va Beinalmillī Vābasta bi Vizārat-e Omūr-e ḵāriĵa-e ĵomhūrī-ye Eslānī-ye Īrān, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Vizārat-e Omūr-e ḵāraĵa. [In Persian]
-        Cox, Sir Percy (1377 Š.), Gozārišhā-ye Sālāna-ye Sir Percy Cox Sar Konsūl-e Engilīs dar Būšihr (1905-1911 AD./1329-1333 AH.), translated by Ḥasan Zangana, Qom: Entišārāt-e Parvīn, Markaz-e Būšihršināsī. [In Persian]
-        Eqbāl, ‘Abbas (1328 s.), Moṭāli ‘ātī darbāba Baḥraīn va ĵazāyir va Savāḥil-e ḵalīĵ-e Fars, Tehran: Čāpḵāna-ye Maĵlis. [In Persian]
-        Eqtidārī, Aḥmad (1389 Š.), ḵalĵ-e Fārs az Dīrbāz tā Konūn, Tehran: Amīr Kabīr. [In Persian]
-        Etimād al-Ṡalṭana (Moḥammad Ḥasan ḵān) (1350 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Montaẓam-e Nāṡirī, Edited by Moḥammad Esmāīl Riżvānī, Vol. 3, Tehran: Donyā-ye Kitāb. [In Persian]
-        Farāmarzī, Aḥmad (1346 Š.), Rāh Āhan-e Orūpā va ḵalīĵ-e Fārs, Edited by Ḥasan Farāmarzī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Dāvapanāh. [In Persian]
-        Ḥamīdī, Sayyed ĵafar (1378 Š.), Bushihr dar Maṭbū ‘āt-e ‘Aṡr-e Qāĵār, Tehran: Moasisa-ye Moṭāli‘āt-e Tārīḵ-e Mo‘āṡir Īrān. [In Persian]
-        Ḥamīdī, Sayyed ĵafar (1380 Š.), Farhangnāma-ye Bushihr, Tehran: Sāzmān-e Čāp va Entišārāt-e Vizārat-e Farhang va Eršād-e Eslāmī. [In Persian]
-        Hidāyat, Mehdīqolī ḵān (1361 Š.), ḵāṭirāt va ḵaṭarāt, Tehran: Zavvār. [In Persian]
-        Hidāyat, Mehdīqolī ḵān (1363 Š.), Gozāriš-e Īrān, Tehran: Noqra. [In Persian]
-        Ḥosseinī Fasāīī, Mīrzā Ḥasan (1382 š.), Fārsnāma-ye Nāṡirī, Edited by Manṡūr Rastigār Fasāīī, Vol. 2, Tehran: Amīr Kabīr. [In Persian]
-        Ĵamālzāda, Moḥammad ‘Alī (1367 Š.), Ganĵ-e Šāygān, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Kitāb-e Tehrān. [In Persian]
-        Ĵināb, Moḥammad ‘Alī (1349 Š.), ḵalīĵ-e Fārs, Nofūḏ-e Bīgānigān  va Rūydādhā-ye Sīāsī 1875-1900 AD., Tehran: Entišārāt-e Peĵūhišgāh-e ‘Olūm-e Ensānī va Moṭāli‘āt-e Farhangī. [In Persian]
-        Kitāb-e Ābī: Gozārišhā-ye Maḥramāna-ye Vizārat-e Omūr-e ḵāriĵa-ye Engilīs darbāra-ye Enqilāb-e Mašrūṭa-ye Īrān (1363 s.), Edited by Aḥmad Bašīrī, Vol. 3, Tehran: Našr-e No. [In Persian]
-        ḵormūĵī, Moḥammad ĵafar (1344 s.), Ḥaqāyiq al-Aḵbār-e Nāṡirī, Edited by Ḥossein ĵadīv ĵām, Tehran: Zavvār. [In Persian]
-        Mašāyiḵī, ‘Abdulkarīm (1392 š.), Nāḵodā ‘Abbās Daryānavard, Qom: Entišārāt-e Ṡaḥīfa-ye ḵirad. [In Persian]
-        Nāyibīān, ĵalīl (1372 Š.), Ravābiṭ-e Īrān bā Doval-e ḵārīĵī dar Dora-ye Qāĵār, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Fardādbih. [In Persian]
-        Navāīī, ‘Abulḥossein (1369 sd.), Īrān va ĵahān az Qāĵārīyya tā Pāyān-e ‘Aṡr-e Qāĵār, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Homā. [In Persian]
-        Ni‘matī, Nūr Al-Dīn; Kaĵbāf, ‘Alī Akbar; Dihqānnižād, Mortażā (1389 Š.), “Ravābiṭ-e Īrān va Ālmān 1850 tā 1918/ AD. 1274 tā 1336 AH.”, Faṡlnāma-ye Sīāsat, No. 4, pp. 335-350. [In Persian]
-        Nišāt, Ṡādiq (1345 š.), Tārīḵ-e Sīāsī-ye ḵalīĵ-e Fārs, Tehran: Kānūn-e Kitāb.
-        Pīrā, Faṭima (1388 Š.), “ĵāygāh-e Ālmān dar Qarārdād-e 1907 AD. Rūs va Engilīs”, Maĵmū ‘a Maqālat-e Īrān dar Sīāsat-e ĵahānī dar Āḡāz-e Qarn-e Bīstom, Edited by Monīr Qādirī, Dārūš Raḥmānīān, Tehran: ḵāna-ye Kitāb.
-        Rāīīn, Esmā ‘īl (1356 Š.), Daryānavardī-ye Īrānīān, Vol. 2, Tehran: ĵāvīdān. [In Persian]
-        Sa‘ādat, Moḥammad Ḥossein (1390 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Bušihr, Edited by ‘Abdulrasūl ḵairandīš va ‘Emād al-Din Šaiḵ al-ḥokamāīī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Mīrāṯ-e Maktūb. [In Persian]
-        Sadīd al-Salṭana, Moḥammad ‘Alī ḵān (1342 Š.), Bandar ‘Abbās va ḵalīĵ-e Fārs A‘alām al-Nās fi Aḥvāl-e Bandar ‘Abbās, Edited by Aḥmad Eqtidārī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Donyā-ye Kitāb. [In Persian]
-        Sadīd al-Salṭana, Moḥammad ‘Alī ḵān (1362 Š.), Safarnāma-ye Sadīd al-Salṭana (al-Tadqīq fi Sair al-Ṯarīq), Edited by Aḥmad Eqtidārī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Doktor Maḥmūd Afšār Yazdī. [In Persian]
-        Sadīd al-Salṭana, Moḥammad ‘Alī ḵān (1371 Š.), Sarzamīnhā-ye Šomālī Pīrāmūn-e ḵalīĵ-e Fārs va Daryā-ye Ommān dar Ṡad Sāl Pīš, Edited by Aḥmad Eqtidārī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e ĵahān-e Mo‘āṡir. [In Persian]
-        Sipihr, ‘Abdulḥossein ḵān (1386 Š.), Mirāt al-Vaqāya‘ Moẓafarī, Edited by ‘Abdulhossein Navāīī, Vol. 1-2, Tehran: Mīrāṯ Maktūb. [In Persian]
-        Šaibānī, Mīrzā Ebrāhīm (1366 Š.), Montaḵab al-Tavārīḵ, Tehran: ‘Elmī.
-        Šamīm, ‘Alī Aṡḡar (1374 Š.), Īrān dar Dora-ye Salṭanat-e Qāĵār, Tehran: Modabbir. [In Persian]
-        Taḥavolāt-e Ṡafaḥāt-e ĵonūbī-ye Īrān (1381 Š.), Edited by Moḥammad Bāqir Voṯūqī, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Markaz-e Asnād va Tārīḵ-e Dīplomāsī. [In Persian]
-        Voṯūqī, Moḥammad Bāqir (1384 Š.), Tārīḵ-e ḵalīĵ-e  Fārs va Mamālik-e Hlĵavār, Tehran: Samt.Ẓahīrnižād Eršādī, Mīnā (1375 s.), Gozīda-ye Asnād-e ḵalīĵī-e Fārs, Vol. 5, Tehran: Edāra-ye Entīšārāt-e Vizārat-e Omūr-e ḵāriĵa. [In Persian]
-        Ẓahīrnižād Eršādī, Mīnā (1376 s.), Gozīda-ye Asnād-e Ravābiṭ-eĪrān va Ālmān, Vol. 1, Tehran: Entīšārāt-e Vizārat-e Omūr-e ḵāriĵa. [In Persian]
B) Periodicals
-        Habl al-Matīn (Panĵšanba 23 Rabi ‘ al-Avval 1316/11 August 1898), 6, No. 34, Kolkata.
-        Habl al-Matīn (Došanba 11 Rabi ‘ al-Ṯānī 1316/29 August 1898), 6, No. 38, Kolkata.
-        Moẓafarī (Yikšanba 14 Šavvāl 1319/ 24 July 1902), 1, No. 4, Bushehr.
-        Moẓafarī (Čahāršanba 22 ĵomādī al-Ṯānī 1320/ 27 August 1902), 2, No. 9, Bushehr.
-        Moẓafarī (Yikšanba 24 Ḏīqa‘da 1328/ 27 November 1910), 10, No. 26, Bushehr.
-        Nasīm-e ĵonūb (Šanba 1385/7/14), 4, No. 17, Bushehr.
-        Yādigār-e ĵonūb (Šanba 6 Ramażān 1329/ 31 August 1911), 1, No. 12, Tehran.
 
Books in English, German and French
-          Curzun, George Nathaniel (1966), Persia and the Persia Question, London: Frank and Co.
-          Litten, Wilhelm (1920), Persien von der "pénétration pacifique" zum "Protektorat": Urkunden und Tatsachen zur Geschichte der europäischen "pénétration pacifique" in Persien 1860-1919, Berlin : W. de Gruyter.
-          Littlefield, Henry Wilson (1969), History of Europe since 1815, New York: Barnes & Noble.
-          Lorimer, J. G. (1908-1915), Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and central Arabia, Vol .1, Part IA, Historical, Calcutta, Republished by grey International West Mead, England.
-          Martin, B. G. (1959), German- Persian Diplomatic Relations 1873- 1912, Hague.
-          Political Diaries of the Persian Gulf 1904-1965, (1990), Vol 1, archive edition, Oxford: Redwood burn press.
-          Potter, Lawrence G. (2009), The Persian Gulf in History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
-          Standish, John F. (1998), Persia and the Gulf: Retrospect and Prospect, Palgrave MacMillan.
-          Strunk, William Theodore (1977), The reign of Shaykh Khazal ibn Jabir and the suppression of the principality of Arabistan: a study in British imperialism in southwestern Iran 1897-1925, Bloomington.
-          Wilson, Arnold T. (1928), The Persian Gulf: an Historical Sketch from the Earliest time to the Bringing of the Twentieth Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Vadala, Ramire-Pie-Maxime (1920), Le Gulf Persique, Paris.