Document Type : Scientific-Research
Authors
PhD in History of Islamic Iran, University of Isfahan
Abstract
Tolerance policy of Timurid statesmen, Shi’it bond with Sufism flow and the effosrt of Shi’ites, especially after the fall of the Abbasid caliphate provided a ground for the Shi’ite religion to grow in the Timurid era (913-771 AH) in various dimensions. This point affects other components of Iranian identity, including art and architecture, and the causes gradual development of Shi’it approaches in Iranian art and architecture from this time omward (Some use the term "Shiite art"). Increasing the use of Shiite ornaments in buildings such as Imam Zadegan, the shrine of the Eighth Imam (Pbuh), important Iranian mosques and other monuments in the 9th century, confirms this point. In this regard, the definition and formation of this art in general, and the relationship of architecture and the Shi’ite religion in the Timurid era in particular is the main question of the present article. The research is done by the use of descriptive-analytical method, field study, and referring to library resources.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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- Dānish Yazdī, Fāṭimih (2008): Katībihhāyi Islāmīyi Shahri Yazd, Tihrān, Subḥāni Nūr.
- El Gemaiey, Ghada Abdel Monem(2014): IDEOLOGICAL CONNOTATIONS OF THE INSCRIPTIONS OF JUMA MASJED OF ISFAHAN, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 14, No 1, pp. 273-289. (Journal) (مقاله)
- Farhānī Munfarid, Mihdī (2003): Piywandi Sīyāsat wa Farhang dar ʿaṣri Zawāli Tiymūrīyān wa Ẓuhūri Ṣafawīyih, Tihrān, Anjumani Āthār wa Mafākhiri Farhangī.
- Fīrūzān, Mihdī (2001): Rāz wa Ramzi Hunari Dīnī, Tihrān, Surūsh.
- Girābir, Ulik (2000): Shiklgīrīyi Hunari Islāmī, Tarjumihyi Mihrdād Waḥdatī, Tihrān, Pazhūhishgāhi ʿulūmi Insānī.
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- Ḥusiynī, Hāshim wa Farrāshī, Ḥusiyn (2014): Taḥlīli Janbihhāyi Nimādīni Shīʿī dar Tazʾīnāti Masjid Jāmiʿi Yazd, Faṣlnāmihyi Nigarih, Shumārihyi 29, ṣṣ 33-43.
- Ḥusiynī, Siyyid Muḥsin (2011): Katībihhāyi Tiymūrī dar Khurāsān, J1, Mashhad, Bunyādi Pashūhishhāyi Islāmī.
- Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl (1996): Tārīkhi Tashayyuʿ dar Īrān, J2, Qum Anṣārīyān.
- Jawādī Āsīyih (1984), Miʿmārī dar Īrān, J2, Tihrān, Khūshih.
- Kalāntar, ʿalī Aṣghar (2014): Barrasīyi Taṭbīqīyi Kārburdi Mutūni Madhhabī dar Hunari Shīʿīyi Māzandarān bā Tamarkuz bar Āthāri Shahristāni Sārī, Faṣlnāmihyi Nigarih, Sh 29, Bahār.
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- Kātib, Aḥmad Ibn Ḥusiyn Ibn ʿalī (1966): Tārīkhi Jadīdi Yazd, bih Kūshishi Īraj Afshār, Tihrān, Amīr Kabīr.
- Khāndmīr, Ghīyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad (1983): Ḥabīb al-Siyar, Zīri Naẓari Muḥammad Dabīr Sīyāqī, J 3 , 4, Ch 3, Kitābfurūshīyi Khayyām, Tihrān.
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- Khusru Biygī, Hūshang (2013): Naqshi Āli Būyih dar Taʿmīqi Farhangi Shīʿī, Pazhūhishnāmihyi Tārīkh, Sāli Hashtum, Shumārihyi 30, ṣṣ 86-100.
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- ________ (2014) Taqwāyi Shiʿih wa Mashrūʿīyati Pūyā: Mashhad Taḥti Shāhāni Awwalīyihyi Ṣafawī, Muṭāliʿāti Īrān, 47:2, 201-216. (Journal)
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- Ṣaḥrāgard, Mihdī (2013): Shāhkārhāyi Hunarī dar Āstāni Qudsi Raḍawī, Mashhad, Muʾassisihyi Āfarīnishhāyi Hunarī.
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- Shāmī, Niẓām al-Dīn (1984): Ẓafarnāmih, bih Ihtimāmi Panāhī Simnānī, Tihrān, Bāmdād.
- Shāyistihfar, Mahnāz (2005): Hunari Shīʿī, Tihrān, Muʾassisihyi Muṭāliʿāti Hunari Islāmī.
- ________________ (2002): ʿunṣuri Ulūhīyat dar Nigārgarī Tiymūrī, Hamāyishi Hunari Islāmī, Tihrān, Muṭāliʿāti Hunari Islāmī.
- Shūān, Frithuf wa Dīgarān (2004): Hunar wa Maʿnawīyat, Tarjumihyi Inshāʾallah Raḥmatī, Tihrān, Farhangistāni Hunar.
- Tulstuy, Liʾun (2009): Hunar Chīst, Tarjumihyi Kāwih Dahigān, Tihrān, Amīr Kabīr.
- Ukiyn, Birnārd (2007): Miʿmārīyi Tiymūrī dar Khurāsān, Tarjumihyi ʿalī Ākhshīnī, Mashhad, Bunyādi Pazhūhishhāyi Islāmī.
- Wāʿiẓ Hirawī, Aṣīl al-Dīn (Bī Tā): Mazārāti Harāt, Ḥiṣihyi Awwal wa Duwwum, Taṣḥīḥi Fikrīyi Saljūqī, Bī Jā, Bī Tā.
- Wīlbir, Dunāld wa Gulumbik, Līzā (1995): Miʿmārīyi Tiymūrī dar Īrān wa Tūrān, Tarjumihyi Kirāmatullah Afsar wa Muḥammad Yūsif Kīyānī, Tihrān, Sāzmāni MīrāthI Farhangīyi Kishwar.
- Yazdī, Sharaf al-Dīn (2008): Ẓafarnāmih, Taṣḥīḥi Saʿīd Mīr Muḥammad Ṣādiq wa Nawāyī, 2 J, Tihrān, Markazi Asnādi Majlisi Shurāyi Islāmī.
- Zimjī Asafzārī, Muʿīn al-Dīn (1960): Ruḍāt al-Jannāt Fī Uṣāfi Madīnat Harāt, bih Kūshishi Siyyid Muḥammad Kāẓim Imām, J 2, Tihrān, Dānishgāhi Tihrān.
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