History of Islam and Iran

The stability of traditional relations and the lack of development of the economic structure in the Qajar period were among the causes of the decline and occurrence of social and economic ... Read More

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The concept of freedom in '' Soraya'' published in Cairo

Gholamali Pashazadeh; Fatemeh Oroji; Rasoul Pourzamani

Volume 33, Issue 60 , December 2023, , Pages 63-87

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2024.44187.2813

Abstract

For the Iranians, the Qajar period coincided with the familiarization and confrontation with modern Western concepts such as freedom. Iranian newspapers published outside Iran in the ... Read More

Institutional reforms of the government from the perspective of Thaqa-ul-Islam Tabrizi (with reliance on institutionalism)

Hossein Shirmohammadi Babasheikhali; Mostafa Pirmoradian; Hossein Azizi

Volume 33, Issue 59 , October 2023, , Pages 57-85

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2023.42326.2738

Abstract

During the Qajar era, some scholars pointed out the reasons for poverty in Iran, and some research was also done on approaches to solve economic problems. Thaqa-ul-Islam Tabrizi was ... Read More During the Qajar era, some scholars pointed out the reasons for poverty in Iran, and some research was also done on approaches to solve economic problems. Thaqa-ul-Islam Tabrizi was one of the clerics who spoke out during the Constitutional Movement in the form of letters, treatises and political-economic articles, proposing solutions to overcome the obstacles to Iran's economic development. In this essay, the reflections of this cleric on the economic issues of the Qajar era will be examined on the basis of institutionalism, using a historical approach of analysis and interpretation. Although the theory of institutionalism had not yet emerged and reforms such as the development and expansion of human resources were not planned in the period under discussion and the ideas expressed by Thaqa-ul-Islam are considered as a retrospective of this theory, it seems that the thoughts of this cleric can be explained with the components of this theory. Since the institutionalists view the economy as nothing more than the transaction of property parcels and see institutions as facilitators of this exchange, a picture of efficient government and Thaqa-ul-Islam's approach to achieving this goal was first drawn. It then examined the role of the government as the largest institution in creating a legal system that supports property and its role in legislating and monitoring the law. Finally, the relevant laws to improve the quality of human resources through education, budget, taxation, liquidity volume, the National Bank, customs, roads, agriculture, trade and industry were reviewed. The result of this study is that Thaqa-ul-Islam considers the government as the greatest institution and useful institutions can be authorised and supervised through an amendment in the form of the constitution in the form of laws. Economic reforms would have been accessible through these institutions. Secondly, in his opinion, an efficient judiciary belonged in the constitution to guarantee the principle of property and facilitate investment.

The function of bath and bathing in the reflection of the social distinctions of the Iranian society in the Qajar era

Ghaffar Pourbakhtiar

Volume 33, Issue 57 , April 2023, , Pages 91-112

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2023.42558.2742

Abstract

Iranians have paid special attention to bath and bathing for a long time. Although they paid a lot of attention to bathing and observing hygiene and cleanliness during the Qajar period, ... Read More

Studying Private Property Appearance and Constitutional Revolution in Iran Through the Social Orders Approach of Institutional Economics

Ali Jafari Shahrestani; Farshad Momeni; Hojjatollah Mirzaei

Volume 32, Issue 56 , December 2022, , Pages 67-90

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2023.39814.2637

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the emergence of private property and the constitutional revolution in Iran by using the social order approach ... Read More

Territorial divisions in connection with the civil governance system of the Naser al-Din Shah period (1264-1313AH/1847-1895 AD)

Farshid Noroozi; Hoshang Khosrobeagi; Nezamali Dehnavi

Volume 32, Issue 56 , December 2022, , Pages 173-194

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2023.42324.2726

Abstract

At the beginning of their rule, the Qajars used the tradition of dynastic rule to manage the system of territorial division, but from the period of Naser al-Din Shah, the tradition ... Read More

Investigating the Challenges and Variable Methods of Budget Approval in Iran (from the Constitution to the End of the Qajar Government)

Hossein Ahmadi Rahbarian; Maghsud Ali Sadeghi Gandmani

Volume 32, Issue 53 , April 2022, , Pages 11-30

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2021.36443.2483

Abstract

With the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly, it was expected that with the approval of the budget as the most important financial document of ... Read More With the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly, it was expected that with the approval of the budget as the most important financial document of the country, a positive change in the financial structure of Iran compared to before the Constitution is been made. The method of approving the budget was specified in the constitution, but it was confronted with many challenges and obstacles. So the research question is what the methods and challenges of budget approval were and to what extent these methods were in line with modern budget principles and the constitution. The findings of the study indicate that the parliament could not approve a single budget in twenty years, from the constitution to the extinction of the Qajar dynasty, in accordance with the constitution and modern budget principles. The most important reasons for the non-approval of the budget can be included the lack of seriousness of the government in presenting the budget, the instability of the government, the interference of external factors and the closure of the parliament. However, given the challenges they faced, the government and parliament offered other ways to approve the budget. The first parliament was in the process of transitioning from traditional budgeting to modern budgeting, which practically followed the same method of traditional budgeting incompletely. The government prepared an incomplete budget in the second parliament, which was not approved by the parliament, and in the third parliament, the government failed to present a budget to the parliament. In the fourth and fifth terms, the parliament showed more cooperation with the government, and the parliament approved the budgets by the four-wall and one-twelfth methods. The method of preparing and compiling the research is documentary and library, and with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the challenges and variable methods of budget approval.

Motives and goals of establishing British consulate in Mashhad during the Qajar period

Reza Sehhat Manesh

Volume 32, Issue 53 , April 2022, , Pages 101-127

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2021.37482.2521

Abstract

During the Qajar period, Britain and Russia established a consulate in Iran based on the Kāmelat al-Wadād (Most-favored-Nations Clause) concession. Consulates were usually set up ... Read More

Familiarity of Iranians With the Position of Women in American Society Through the Press and Missionary Schools in the Qajar Period

Fereshte Jahani; Alireza Mollaiy Tavani

Volume 31, Issue 50 , July 2021, , Pages 71-92

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2021.35204.2437

Abstract

The necessity of change in women's social and individual status, as one of the most critical conditions for getting rid of backwardness and following the path of modernity, had a special ... Read More

The Performance of the Qajar Government Periods the Crisis of Rising Prices (1896-1906/1314-1324 AH)

Farhad Dashtaki Nia

Volume 31, Issue 50 , July 2021, , Pages 93-118

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2021.33892.2362

Abstract

Iran’s economy was in crisis periods in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution. The crisis was characterized by a budget deficit, rising foreign debt, structural ... Read More

Investigating the Situation and Evolution of Carpet Production and Trade in Azerbaijan During the Qajar Period

Mostafa Molaei

Volume 31, Issue 49 , March 2021, , Pages 119-144

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2020.31687.2259

Abstract

Azerbaijan has a long tradition of carpet weaving. Azerbaijan became one of the country's most prosperous regions during the Qajar period when Tabriz was chosen as the Crown Prince's ... Read More

Explaining the Conceptual Model of Amirkabir Governance

Maryam Shams Falavarjiani; Mehraban HadiPeykani; Sohaila Torabi Farsani

Volume 30, Issue 47 , November 2020, , Pages 135-171

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2020.31751.2262

Abstract

The present study aims to develop a model for public administration. The authors try to use the science of history to provide this opportunity to decision-makers, policymakers, and ... Read More

A Look at the Office of the Amir Nizam in the Qajar Period

Abbas Ghadimi Gheydari; Mohaddeseh Hashemilar

Volume 29, Issue 44 , March 2020, , Pages 95-116

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2020.22665.1813

Abstract

Titles are one of the most important indicators of recognizing bureaucratic structure. The titles of political, military, administrative, and financial issues and their understanding ... Read More

Investigating Factors and Process of Revival of Carpet Industry in Qajar Period

Pooran Tahouni; Mostafa Molaei

Volume 29, Issue 43 , November 2019, , Pages 127-148

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2019.23655.1863

Abstract

Although the Iranian Carpet Industry has a historical Background, this Industry had seen a rearrangement, regeneration and prosperity in Qajar era (especially second half of 19thcentury), ... Read More

Analysis of "The Problem of The High Cost of Bread"In Kurdistan in Qajar Period And Its Creative Factors (1332-1342)

Mazhar Advay; Ali Nazemian Fard; Hadi Vakili

Volume 27, Issue 34 , October 2017, , Pages 39-67

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2017.10533.1161

Abstract

Bread was the major food of Iranian people in the Qajar period, and its high cost especially during the First World War (1332-1336/ 1914-1918), was a pervasive problem in all regions ... Read More

Hawraman rebellion in the age of Naser-al-din Shahe Qajar (1284-1286 Lunar)

Mazhar Advay; Hadi Vakili

Volume 25, Issue 28 , December 2016, , Pages 5-39

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2016.2213

Abstract

Hawraman region in the west of Kurdistan since the 4th to the end of 12th lunar has been administered by local rulers of this region and under the direct supervision of the central ... Read More

A consideration on the Process of Extinction of Ardalan Governors in the Naserid Era (Centralization, Consolidation and Dissolution)

Ruhollah Bahrami; Parastoo Mozaffari

Volume 23, Issue 19 , August 2014, , Pages 71-98

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2014.775

Abstract

The year 1284 was a turning point in the political developments in Kurdistan in the Ardalans’ era. In that year, the powerful Qajar king- Nassereddin shah- who sought ... Read More

A Survey on the Role and Function of Coffeehouses of Tehran During Qajar Period

Volume 21, Issue 11 , September 2011, , Pages 99-118

https://doi.org/10.22051/hii.2013.657

Abstract

The history of coffeehouse in Tehran dated back to the rise of Qajar dynasty in Iran. Coffeehouse gained importance during Nasser al-din Shah’s reign. In that period, ... Read More

Volume 33 (2023)

Volume 32 (2022)

Volume 31 (2021)

Volume 30 (2020)

Volume 29 (2019)

Volume 28 (2018)

Volume 27 (2017)

Volume 26 (2016)

Volume 25 (2015)

Volume 24 (2014)

Volume 23 (2013)

Volume 22 (2012)

Volume 21 (2011)

Volume 20 (2010)

Volume 19 (2009)

Keywords = Qajar

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